@article{oai:twcu.repo.nii.ac.jp:00025337,
 author = {松沢, 哲成},
 issue = {1},
 journal = {東京女子大学紀要論集},
 month = {Sep},
 note = {This article is a sequel to "The Mystifying Blank in the Narrative of the 1940s: The Australian View of War Crimes by Hirohito Tenno" (in Japanese), Shiron『史論』(Theory of History), No.58, History Department, Tokyo Woman's Christian University, 2005. The preceding article discusses the urgent Australian representations that were made for the strict punishment of Japan, based on the voluminous report of the Australian War Crimes Investigation Commission, headed by Sir William Webb, that was conducted between March and October 1944 and then submitted to the United Nations War Crimes Commission and its Asian Pacific Sub-Committee. These representations won a measure of support from international opinion. However, Australia was sidelined from the processes of preparation and implementation of the Potsdam Declaration, and from about the summer of that same year it reacted strongly against the diplomatic negotiations of the allies and suddenly shifted its position to call for the punishment for crimes against peace and humanity of the entire Japanese leadership, including not only the emperor and his advisers but government officials, hi-ranking bureaucrats, major financiers and industrialists and some ultra-nationalists, as well as the actual military commanders who carried out atrocities. In October a list of major Japanese war criminals was drawn up that included the names of 64 (later reduced to 62) leaders, and efforts were made to have this list adopted by the UNWCC. At the same time Australia negotiated through diplomatic channels with the USA, UK and the Commonwealth nations to try to achieve a compromise agreement. Following this earlier article, based largely on newly found Australian documents, the present article analyses in detail the process of drawing up this war criminal list, giving names, specific war crimes of each individual and the political and social background, and the process by which then the actual International Military Tribunal for the Far East was formed and institutionalized. By, analyzing many archival materials, I try to prove how and by whom the list had been made up, and conclude that Webb and (Herbert) Evatt, then Australian Foreign Minister, were making considerable use of military intelligence information. In fact, however, the proceedings were decided by the US, especially by Department of State and GHQ/SCAP. The detailed process by which this was done, through a "Memorandum" issued by the Department of State to each country involved, is here analyzed using newly discovered documents. Confronted with unilateral American pressure, Australia was consistent in calling for severe punishment of the Japanese aggressive-militarist regime as a whole, and it persisted in including the emperor Hirohito on its list. On the other hand, however, it also had talks and exchanged notes with officials of Britain and the US, trying to find a point of compromise. It also tried to have the matter brought before the Far East (Advisory) Commission, the legitimate international board of discussing and deciding policies in regard to the occupation of Japan, but in vain. The Australian policy from late October 1945 to early February 1946 could therefore reasonably be described as two-sided. Finally, I address the complex and contradictory position and views of Great Britain. I examine the opinions of D. MacDermot, Foreign Office representative in Japan and C.H. Cairdner, head of United Kingdom Liaison Mission for example. They shared with the USA the view that the indictment of the Japanese emperor Hirohito would be a major political blunder ; on the other hand, with Australia they shared the view that Japanese militarism and imperialism had to be destroyed. A subsequent article will deal with the fierce clashes from January to March 1946 leading to the decision in April on the final list of 28 to be indicted as Class "A" war criminals, from which list the emperor's name had been deleted.},
 pages = {87--105},
 title = {40年代史の空白(2) : オーストラリアによる天皇戦犯論を中心に},
 volume = {56},
 year = {2005}
}